高分子材料与工程专业《有机化学》教学改革探索与实践

《有机化学》是高分子材料与工程等专业的一门必修基础课。本文着眼于梳理和整合有机化学的基础与重点内容,激发和提高学生的学习兴趣,培养和提高学生的主动学习能力,从课程内容,教学方法,教学手段,以及课程考核方式等多方面进行了综合分析,总结和实践,旨在进一步提高本门课程的教学效果。     

苯乙烯有机废水TOC与COD相关性研究

研究了苯乙烯生产有机废水总有机碳(TOC)与化学需氧量(COD)的相关性。用日本岛津公司TOC-VCPH总有机碳分析仪测定了苯乙烯生产有机废水的TOC,同时用标准重铬酸钾法测定COD,建立了COD与TOC之间回归方程,表明了它们之间有很好的相关性。并对其进行精密度和准确度分析,为该水体中有机物的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了实践依据。     

Organic materials for organic electronic devices

In recent years, organic electronic devices which use organic materials as an active layer have gained considerable interest as light-emitting devices, energy converting devices and switching devices in many applications. In these organic electronic devices, the organic materials play a key role of managing the device performances and various organic materials have been developed to improve the device performances of organic electronic devices. In this paper, recent developments of organic electronic materials for organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells were reviewed.     

有机-杂多化合物的研究及在有机合成中的应用

简述了有机-杂多化合物的常用制备方法与表征方法,根据有机基团或有机金属基团取代位置的不同将有机-杂多化合物进行分类。对近年来有机-杂多化合物在催化领域的研究现状及其对酯化反应、氧化反应、羟基化反应等反应的催化性能进行了分析介绍。     

Influence of ozone-limonene reactions on perceived air quality

This study conducted short-term assessments of perceived air quality (PAQ) for six different realistic concentrations of ozone and limonene, separately or together, in room air. The impact of filtration and the influence of the ozone generation method were also examined. The evaluations were made in four identical 40 m3 low-polluting test offices ventilated at 1.4 h(-1) or in two identical 30 m3 stainless-steel chambers ventilated at 1.9 h(-1). Concentrations of ozone, total volatile organic compounds and size-fractionated particles were continuously monitored in each experiment. The results indicate that, for each of the six conditions, the PAQ was poorer when ozone and limonene were present together compared with when only ozone or only limonene was present. In the test offices a correlation was observed between the number of secondary organic aerosols produced by a given ozone/limonene condition and the sensory pollution load for that condition. The particles themselves do not appear to be the primary causative agents, but instead are co-varying surrogates for sensory offending gas-phase species. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although the health consequences of long-term exposures to the products of ozone-initiated indoor chemistry remain to be determined, we judge that the sensory offending nature of selected products provides an additional reason to limit indoor ozone levels. Devices that emit ozone at significant rates should not be used indoors. Ozone-filtration of make-up air should also be beneficial in mechanically ventilated buildings located in regions that repeatedly violate outdoor ozone standards. Additionally, the use of limonene containing products should be curtailed during periods when indoor ozone levels are elevated.     

Adsorption combined with ultrafiltration to remove organic matter from seawater

Organic fouling and biofouling are the major severe types of fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in seawater (SW) desalination. Low pressure membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration (UF) has been developed as a pre-treatment before reverse osmosis. However, UF alone may not be an effective enough pre-treatment because of the existence of low-molecular weight dissolved organic matter in seawater. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to study a hybrid process, powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption/UF, with real seawater and to evaluate its performance in terms of organic matter removal and membrane fouling. The effect of different PAC types and concentrations is evaluated. Stream-activated wood-based PAC addition increased marine organic matter removal by up to 70% in some conditions. Moreover, coupling PAC adsorption with UF decreased UF membrane fouling and the fouling occurring during short-term UF was totally reversible. It can be concluded that the hybrid PAC adsorption/UF process performed in crossflow filtration mode is a relevant pre-treatment process before RO desalination, allowing organic matter removal of 75% and showing no flux decline for short-term experiments.     

有机载热体供热系统在刨花板生产线改造中的应用

本文以实际设计为基础，介绍了有机载热体（导热油）供热系统在刨花板生产线改造中，在热压机以及采用热油式热交换器换成热风和回收油炉烟气余热补充干燥刨花中的应用，运行效果均良好。达到节能、降耗、增产目的，经济效益显著。     

Lipophilic organic contaminants in the Rhine river, Germany

Detailed gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses applied to eight Rhine river water samples constituted a comprehensive characterization of the low molecular weight organic contamination. Within the group of predominant anthropogenic contaminants, only a few compounds were characterized as frequently detected or priority pollutants. Numerous compounds exhibiting physiological or ecotoxicological properties are only rarely reported or still unnoticed riverine contaminants. Information on environmental behaviour or ecotoxicological effects is still limited for most of these substances. In particular, several brominated compounds (mono- and dibrominated (methoxyphenyl)propionic acids and hydroxymethylacetophenones) were identified for the first time as environmental contaminants. Quantitative analyses differentiated five groups of pollutants with respect to their concentration profiles. The spatial distribution and the intensity of emission sources on the one hand and the environmental stability as well as the tendency to adsorb on the particulate matter on the other hand determined the quantitative occurrence of individual compounds.     

赖特有机建筑与"天人合一"思想

世界著名建筑大师赖特的有机建筑始终坚持"与自然和谐共生"的设计理念,创造了无数经典之作,在世界范围内引起了很大反响,至今仍为人们所迷恋.赖特的有机建筑分成草原式住宅和美国风住宅两个阶段,这两种风格的住宅创作均体现出中国哲学的"天人合一"思想.因此,挖掘中国传统哲学的内在精神,以此来诠释赖特的有机建筑,可以更加深入地体会建筑的内在涵义,并从中吸取一些对当代建筑创作有益的精髓.     

Degradation of DBPs' precursors in river water before and after slow sand filtration by photo-Fenton process at pH 5 in a solar CPC reactor

The generation of disinfection by-products during water treatment can be controlled by reducing the levels of precursor species prior to the chlorination step. The Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is the principal organic precursor and conventional removal of pollutants such as coagulation, flocculation and filtration do not guarantee the total NOM removal. In this study the degradation of NOM model compounds (dihydroxy-benzene) as well as the removal of NOM from river water via photo-Fenton process in a CPC solar photo-reactor is presented. The effect of solar activated photo-Fenton reagent at pH 5.0 before and after a slow sand filtration (SSF) in waters containing natural iron species is investigated and the details reported. The results showed that the total transformation of dihydroxy-benzene compounds along a mineralization higher than 80% was obtained. The mineralization of the organic compounds dissolved in natural water was higher than in Milli-Q water, suggesting that the aqueous organic and inorganic components (metals, humic acids and photoactive species) positively affect the photocatalytic process. When 1.0 mg/L of Fe³⁺ is added to the system, the photo-Fenton degradation was improved. Therefore the photo-Fenton reagent could be an interesting complement to other processes for NOM removal. Comparing the response of two rivers as media for the organic compounds degradation it was observed that the NOM photo-degradation rate depends of the water composition.